谢孟媛.初级文法的教学视频的学习笔记,本篇文章中包含名词的基础内容。如感兴趣可根据如下地址下载观看。
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1eZLfSYTtklpQi89yGou4gg 提取码: 79rq
名词(n.)
名词的作用:作为主语、辅语、受词
名词的类型
普通名词
如:book, pencil, dog, spaceship
集合名词
表示一组事物 , 如:class, glass,family
- My family(家族, 单数) is large.
- My family(家人, 复数) are all early risers.
专有名词
1. 首字母大写
2. 前加the, 如:Peter, London, the United States
- 物质名词
数字+量词+of+物质名词, 如: a armful of wood, a sheet of paper
- 抽象名词(不可数名词)
不可见或触摸的, 如:beauty, honesty, happiness
复数的规则变化:
- 字尾加s 如:dog - dogs, book - books
- 字尾为s, sh, ch, x, o 加es, 如:class - classes, bench - benches, box - boxes. 例外:photos, pianos,
- 字尾为辅音+y的话, 去y+ies, 如:city - cities, baby - babies
- 字尾为f或fe的话, 去f或fe + ves, 如:leaf - leaves, wife - wives, knife - knives. 例外: handkerchiefs, chiefs, roofs
复数的不规则变化:
- 字尾为en, ren 例:ox - oxen, child - children
- 改元音 man - men, woman - women, goose - geese, tooth - teeth, mouse mice
单复数同形: fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese
所有格:
-
单数名词:the boy’s schoolbag.
-
复数名词:名词s’, 如:
a girls’ school
(一所女子学校). a是修饰school的冠词。 -
字尾非s的复数名词:名词’s, 如:
children’s playground
共同所有格:名词+名词+…+名词’s
harry and bill’s father is a scientist.
个别所有格:名词’s+名词’s+…+名词’s
harry’s and bill's fathers are scientists.
Mr and Mrs bround’s car.
(无)生物所有格:A的B:B of A
the legs of the table(桌子的脚)
the doors of a car.
the girl’s name/the name of the girl.
所有格之后的名词,如在句子中非常容易理解时可以省略。如:she’s going to the dentist’s (office).最经典的是McDonald’s 麦当劳。 We like to eat lunch at McDonald’s (restaurant).
Notes:
- fish , one fish(一只鱼) , a kind of fish(一种鱼), two kinds of fishes(两种鱼)