谢孟媛.初级文法的教学视频的学习笔记，本篇文章中包含一般进行时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时的基础内容。如感兴趣可根据如下地址下载观看。
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一般现在时
动词形式:
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be动词: am/is/are
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一般动词:主语为第三人称单数时，动词加s。
时间副词: now, every + 时间
表示现在的状态或动作
- There are many visits in the zool.
- Here comes the bus.
表示现在习惯性动作
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David often sleeps during class.
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My parents take exercise(锻炼,不可加s) in the park every morning.
math exercises(习题，可加s) play sports(具体的运动，文中会支持具体的什么运动)
表示不变的事实或真理
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The earth moves around the sun.
一般过去时
动词形式：
- be动词：was/were
- 一般动词：过去时动词（不分人称, 一般情况是加ed）
时间副词：
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yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening)
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the day after yesterday 前天
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last + 时间：上~， 如：last week, last night(昨天晚上， 等同于yesterday evening), last year
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时间 + ago（~之前）
two hours age / five days age
before(以前). then (=> at that time)
表示过去的动作或状态
- I bought(buy过去时) this yesterday.
- There was an old temple(寺庙，太阳穴) over here.曾经这里有座老的寺庙（隐含意思现在没有了）
表示过去习惯性动作
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My father used to smoke, but now he doesn’t. 我爸以前经常抽烟，现在不了。
used to + 动词原型：过去习惯干什么
现在进行时
动词形式：be动词（am / are / is ） + Ving
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动词原型 + ing （大部分动词）
talk - talking(聊天，经常使用talk to 和谁聊天) / say - saying(说一句话) / speak - speaking（说的语言）
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原型动词字尾有e， 去e加ing
have - having / write - writing / come - coming
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原型动词为辅音+短元音+辅音, 重复字尾+ing
put - putting / cut - cutting / swim - swimming
表示现在正在进行的
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We are eating breakfast now.
break 打破 fast 快速、斋戒 breakfast：起床后第一餐(打破斋戒)
比较: We ate(eat过去时) breakfast before going to school.
We eat breakfast every morning.
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John is watching the baseball game on TV now.
表示重复性的动作，常伴always, all the time, again and again等
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He is always compaining(抱怨).
compain about + 受词： 抱怨某人某物
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The car is breaking down all the time.
表示最近的未来即将发生的动作。此法常用于某些动作，如：come, go, start, leave, arrive往来动词等
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I’m leaving for kenting tomorrw. 明天我即将前往垦丁。
leave 离开 leave for 前往
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My boyfriend is coming to see me this afternoon.
注意 某些动词不用于进行时钟
- 表“感观”的动词， see（看的见）, hear（听得到）, small（闻得到）等
- 表“情感”的动词， love, like等
- 其它, have, know等
I’m looking at the bird in the tree. 不可用seeing
过去进行时
动词形式： was/were + Ving
表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作
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He was playing frissbee in th park then. (那时他在公园玩飞盘)
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We were plaing chess at eight yesterday evening. (昨天八点我们再下棋)
比较: We played chess yesterday evening.
过去式（昨天我们下过棋） -
Lily was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.(门铃响的时候莉莉正在洗澡)
take a bath: 盆浴 take a shower: 淋浴
take a shower: 淋浴
表示过去某一时间期限中反复性的动作
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Whenever I visited him, he was watching TV.(无论我什么时候拜访他，他都在看电视)
whenever: 无论什么时候 whoever: 无论是谁 whereever: 无论在哪
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In those days, we was getting up at six o’clock.(在那些天，我们都是六点起床)
those: that的复数形式
一般将来时
用于表示未来发生的动作或状态
be going to + 原型动词
表示实现性非常高的事或事先计划好的未来， 与will存在区别，be going to 它的实施性更强。
时间副词:
tomorrow(morning, afternoon, evening)
the day after tomorrow(后天)
next + 时间: 下~, 如：next week, next year
in + 时间: 在~当中, 如：in a few days(在几天之后/内), in a week(在一个星期后/内)
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I**’m going to visit** my uncle tomorrow. (明天我打算去看望我的叔叔。)
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I have to buy the ladder because I**’m going to paint** the house white. (我打算买个梯子，因为我要粉刷房子)
paint: 画画（限拿着刷子画画的情况，像素描等种类需要用draw）、粉刷房子
paint xxx color: paint the house white
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I don’t feel good; I’m afraid(形容词) I**’m going to be sick**. (我感觉不舒服；我恐怕我要生病了)
be afraid: 恐怕什么
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Are they going to have(举办) a party on Christmas Eve?
will + 动词原形
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We are going to leave junior high school.
We will leave junior high school.
We are leaving junior hight school.
上述三种都可以表示未来
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I will be fifteen years old next year.
这里不能替换为be going to. 因为年龄不能进行计划。
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A: I can’t move this large box.
B: I’ll do it for you.( != I’m going to do it for you. 因为事件是突发的，所以不能用be going to 进行替换)
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I will not change my mind.
=> I’ll not/I won’t change my mind.
Will you ~ ? => 表示请求或邀约
表请求：Will you ~ ?
=> Sure. / OK. / All right.
No, I can’t / I’m sorry. I can’t
Will you look after(照顾，可用take care of替换) the baby for me?
=> Sure. / I’m sorry, But(表事与愿违的意思) I can’t
表邀请: Will you ~ ?
=> Yes, please.
Yes, thank you.
No, thank you
Will you have another cup of coffee?
=> Yes, please. / No, thank you.