这篇文章实为转载的Redhat的官方文档中的内容，本人认为它对于非系统管理员的开发人员实为非常好的速查资料，文章里分别列举了RHEL5、RHEL6、RHEL7中不同的管理命令。

System basics

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
View subscription information /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid subscription-manager identity subscription-manager identity
Configure subscription rhn_register subscription-manager 1 rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager subscription-manager2 rhn_register 3
View RHEL version information /etc/redhat-release
View system profile sosreport dmidecode hwbrowser sosreport dmidecode lstopo lscpu

Basic configuration

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Graphical configuration tools system-config-* gnome-control-center
Text-based configuration tools system-config-*-tui
Configure printer system-config-printer
Configure network system-config-network nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor
Configure system language system-config-language localectl
Configure time and date system-config-date date timedatectl date
Synchronize time and date ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf timedatectl /etc/chrony.conf ntpdate
Configure keyboard system-config-keyboard localectl
Configure SSH /etc/ssh/ssh_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config ~/.ssh/config ssh-keygen

Jobs and services

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
List all services chkconfig –list ls /etc/init.d/ systemctl -at service ls /etc/systemd/system/.service ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/.service
List running services service –status-all systemctl -t service –state=active
Start/stop service service name start service name stop systemctl start name.service systemctl stop name.service
Enable/disable service chkconfig name on chkconfig name off systemctl enable name.service systemctl disable name.service
View service status service name status systemctl status name.service
Check if service is enabled chkconfig name –list systemctl is-enabled name
Create new service file or modify configuration chkconfig –add systemctl daemon-reload /etc/systemd/system/*.service
View run level/target runlevel who -r systemctl get-default who -r
Change run level/target /etc/inittab init run_level systemctl isolate name.target systemctl set-default
Configure logging /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal systemd-journald.service
View logs /var/log /var/log journalctl
Configure system audit add audit=1 to kernel cmdline auditctl /etc/audit/auditd.conf /etc/audit/audit.rules authconfig /etc/pam.d/system-auth pam_tty_audit kernel module
View audit output aureport /var/log/faillog
Schedule/batch tasks cron at batch
Find file by name locate
Find file by characteristic find
Create archive tar cpio zip

Kernel, boot, and hardware

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Single user/rescue mode append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
Shut down system shutdown
Power off system poweroff poweroff systemctl poweroff
Halt system halt halt systemctl halt
Reboot system reboot reboot systemctl reboot
Configure default run level/target /etc/inittab systemctl set-default
Configure GRUB bootloader /boot/grub/grub.conf /etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig grub-set-default
Configure kernel module modprobe
View hardware configured hwbrowser lshw (in EPEL)
Configure hardware device udev
View kernel parameters sysctl -a cat /proc/cmdline
Load kernel module modprobe
Remove kernel module modprobe -r
View kernel version rpm -q kernel uname -r

Software management

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Install software yum install yum groupinstall yum install yum group install
View software info yum info yum groupinfo yum info yum group info
Update software yum update
Upgrade software yum upgrade
Configure software repository subscription-manager repos /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
Find package owning file rpm -qf filename yum provides filename-glob
View software version rpm -q packagename
View installed software rpm -qa yum list installed

User management

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Graphical user management system-config-users
Create user account useradd
Delete user account userdel
View/change user account details usermod /etc/passwd vipw id
Create user group groupadd
Delete user group groupdel
Change group details groupmod /etc/group
Change user password passwd
Change user permissions usermod visudo
Change group permissions groupmod visudo
Change password policy chage
View user sessions w

File systems, volumes, and disks

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Default file system ext3 ext4 xfs
Create/modify disk partitions fdisk parted fdisk gdisk parted ssm create
Format disk partition mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap ssm create
Defragment disk space copy data to new file system fsck (look for ‘non-contiguous inodes’) copy data to new file system fsck (look for ‘non-contiguous inodes’) xfs_fsr
Mount storage mount /etc/fstab mount /etc/fstab ssm mount
Mount and activate swap /etc/fstab swapon -a
Configure static mounts /etc/fstab
View free disk space df
View logical volume info lvdisplay lvs vgdisplay vgs pvdisplay pvs
Create physical volume pvcreate pvcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create volume group vgcreate vgcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create logical volume lvcreate lvcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Enlarge volumes formatted with default file system vgextend lvextend resize2fs vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs ssm resize
Shrink volumes formatted with default file system resize2fs lvreduce vgreduce XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system.
Check/repair file system fsck fsck ssm check
View NFS share showmount -e mount
Configure NFS share /etc/exports service nfs reload /etc/exports systemctl reload nfs.service
Configure on-demand auto-mounts /etc/auto.master.d/.autofs /etc/auto.
Change file permissions chmod chown chgrp umask (future file creation)
Change file attributes chattr
Change access control list setfacl

Networking

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Configure name resolution /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf nmcli con mod
Configure hostname /etc/sysconfig/network hostnamectl /etc/hostname nmtui
View network interface info ip addr ifconfig brctl ip addr nmcli dev show teamdctl brctl bridge
Configure network interface /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* nmcli con [add|mod|edit] nmtui nm-connection-editor
View routes ip route
Configure routes ip route add system-config-network /etc/sysconfig/route-iface ip route add nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor /etc/sysconfig/route-iface
Configure firewall iptables and ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables iptables and ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall firewall-cmd firewall-config
View ports/sockets ss lsof netstat ss lsof

Security and identity

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Configure system security /etc/selinux/config chcon restorecon semanage setsebool system-config-selinux
Report on system security sealert
LDAP, SSSD, Kerberos authconfig authconfig-tui authconfig-gtk
Network users getent

Resource management

Task RHEL5 RHEL6 RHEL7
Trace system calls strace
Trace library calls ltrace
Change process priority nice renice
Change process run location taskset
Kill a process kill pkill killall
View system usage top ps sar iostat netstat vmstat mpstat numastat top ps sar iostat netstat ss vmstat mpstat numastat tuna top ps sar iostat ss vmstat mpstat numastat tuna
View disk usage df df iostat

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